Humoral immune responses are maintained with age in a long-lived ectotherm, the red-eared slider turtle.
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2013 Feb 15;216(Pt 4):633-40. doi: 10.1242/jeb.078832. Epub
2012 Oct 17.Humoral immune responses are maintained with age in a long-lived ectotherm, the red-eared slider turtle.1, , , , , , .1School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA. lmzimme@ilstu.eduAbstractAging is typically associated with a decrease in immune function. However, aging does not affect each branch of the immune system equally. Because of these varying effects of age on immune responses, aging could affect taxa differently based on how the particular taxon employs its resources towards different components of immune defense. An example of this is found in the humoral immune system. Specific responses tend to decrease with age while non-specific, natural antibody responses increase with age. Compared with mammals, reptiles of all ages have a slower and less robust humoral immune system. Therefore, they may invest more in non-specific responses and thus avoid the negative consequences of age on the immune system. We examined how the humoral immune system of reptiles is affected by aging and investigated the roles of non-specific, natural antibody responses and specific responses by examining several characteristics of antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the red-eared slider turtle. We found very little evidence of immunosenescence in the humoral immune system of the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta, which supports the idea that non-specific, natural antibody responses are an important line of defense in reptiles. Overall, this demonstrates that a taxon's immune strategy can influence how the immune system is affected by age.PMID:
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):40-5. doi: 10.1097/BTH.0073.Single-incision open reduction and internal fixation of comminuted trapezium fractures with distal radius cancellous autograft.1, , , .1*Division of Hand Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA +Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ.AbstractTrapezium fractures comprise approximately 3% to 5% of all hand fractures. Although operative management of intra-articular trapezium fractures can result in good functional outcomes, there is very little literature addressing specific operative techniques. We describe a technique for open reduction and internal fixation of severely comminuted, intra-articular trapezium fractures, utilizing autogenous cancellous bone graft from the distal radius. PMID:
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External link. Please review our .Effects of 7-epiclusianone on Streptococcus mutans and caries development in rats.
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2010 Jul 21.Effects of 7-epiclusianone on Streptococcus mutans and caries development in rats.1, , , , , , .1Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil.AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 7-epiclusianone (7-epi) on specific virulence attributes of Streptococcus mutans in vitro and on development of dental caries in vivo. 7-Epi was obtained and purified from fruits of Rheedia brasiliensis. We investigated its influence on surface-adsorbed glucosyltransferase (Gtf) B activity, acid production, and viability of S. MUTANS in biofilms, as well as on caries development using a rodent model. 7-Epi (100 ug/mL) significantly reduced the activity of surface-adsorbed GtfB (up to 48.0 ± 1.8 of inhibition at 100 ug/mL) and glycolytic pH-drop by S. mutans in biofilms (125 and 250 ug/mL) (vs. vehicle control, p & 0.05). In contrast, the test compound did not significantly affect the bacterial viability when compared to vehicle control (15 % ethanol, p & 0.05). Wistar rats treated topically with 7-epi (twice daily, 60-s exposure) showed significantly smaller number of and less severe smooth- and sulcal-surface carious lesions (p & 0.05), without reducing the S. mutans viable population from the animals' dental biofilms. In conclusion, the natural compound 7-epiclusianone may be a potentially novel pharmacological agent to prevent and control dental caries disease.(C) Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.PMID:
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Chemical structure of 7-epiclusianone [(1R,5R,7R)-3-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-1,5,7-tris (3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl) bicyclo [3.3.1]non-3-ene-2,9-di-one], a polyprenylated benzophenone obtained from Rheedia brasiliensis.Planta Med. ;77(1):40-45.Influence of 7-epiclusianone (7-epi) on glycolytic pH-drop in S. mutans UA159 biofilms. *, + indicate a statistically significant difference between vehicle control (15% ethanol) and 7-epi at 250 μg/mL (*) or 7-epi at 125 μg/mL (+) (p & 0.05, ANOVA, comparison for all pairs using Tukey-Kramer HSD; n = 6).Planta Med. ;77(1):40-45.Publication TypesMeSH TermsSubstancesGrant SupportFull Text SourcesOther Literature SourcesMedical
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External link. Please review our .Alcohol-Seeking Triggered by Discrete Pavlovian Cues is Invigorated by Alcohol Contexts and Mediated by Glutamate Signaling in the Basolateral Amyg...
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2015 May 8.Alcohol-Seeking Triggered by Discrete Pavlovian Cues is Invigorated by Alcohol Contexts and Mediated by Glutamate Signaling in the Basolateral Amygdala.1, 2, 2, 1.1Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.2Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.AbstractThe environmental context in which a discrete Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS) is experienced can profoundly impact conditioned responding elicited by the CS. We hypothesized that alcohol-seeking behavior elicited by a discrete CS that predicted alcohol would be influenced by context and require glutamate signaling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Male, Long-Evans rats were allowed to drink 15% ethanol (v/v) until consumption stabilized. Next, rats received Pavlovian conditioning sessions in which a 10 s CS (15 trials/session) was paired with ethanol (0.2 ml/CS). Entries into a port where ethanol was delivered were measured. Pavlovian conditioning occurred in a specific context (alcohol context) and was alternated with sessions in a different context (non-alcohol context) where neither the CS nor ethanol was presented. At test, the CS was presented without ethanol in the alcohol context or the non-alcohol context, following a bilateral microinfusion (0.3 μl/hemisphere) of saline or the AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist NBQX (2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide disodium salt) in the BLA (0, 0.3, or 1.0 μg/0.3 μl). The effect of NBQX (0, 0.3 μg/0.3 μl) in the caudate putamen (CPu) on CS responding in the non-alcohol context was also tested. The discrete alcohol CS triggered more alcohol-seeking behavior in the alcohol context than the non-alcohol context. NBQX in the BLA reduced CS responding in both contexts but had no effect in the CPu. These data indicate that AMPA glutamate receptors in the BLA are critical for alcohol-seeking elicited by a discrete CS and that behavior triggered by the CS is strongly invigorated by an alcohol context. PMID:
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