穿越时空 盘点《星际穿越》5大科学现象(双语)_新浪教育_新浪网
穿越时空 盘点《星际穿越》5大科学现象(双语)
　　导语：大牌齐集的《星际穿越》今天就要在中国正式上映了，作为一部号称基于知名理论物理学家基普?索恩的黑洞理论的科幻大片，《星际穿越》无疑会涉及很多有关宇宙时间的科学知识，然而这些都是真是的吗？美国《时代周刊》的Jeffrey Kluger为我们盘点了《星际穿越》中的五大定理。
《星际穿越》海报
　　1. A worm hole could open in space, providing a short cut from one side of the universe to the other. Verdict: Mostly true
　　打开的虫洞可以撕裂空间，给我们提供穿越宇宙的捷径。判定：基本正确
　　Worm holes are a pretty well-accepted part of modern cosmology and it’s Thorne’s theorems that have helped make them that way. The idea is that if you think of space-time less as a void than as a sortof fabric―which it is―it could, under the right circumstances fold over onitself. Punching the necessary holes in that fabric so that you could make your universe-transiting trip would be a bit more difficult. That would require what’s known as negative energy―an energetic state less than zero―to create the portal and keep it open, says Princeton cosmologist J. Richard Gott. There havebeen attempts to create such conditions in the lab, which is a long way from areal worm hole but at least helps prove the theory。
　　虫洞是现代宇宙学中普遍接受的概念，而它的流行主要得益于索恩定理。虫洞的主要观点是：当时空被当作一种布料而不是空间时，只要时机合适，它就可以折叠。然而，在布料上开一个可以穿越宇宙的口子并不容易。为此，普林斯顿的宇宙学家理查德?戈特表示，我们需要一种负能量，即一种低于零的能量状态，去打开并维持时空之门。我们可以在实验室尝试制造这种状态，可是这与真实的虫洞相差甚远，但我们可以以此来证明这种理论。
　　One bit of license the Interstellar story didtake concerns how the worm hole came to be. It takes a massive object to generate a gravity field sufficient to fold space-time in half, and the one inthe movie would have to be the equivalent of 100 million of our suns, says Gott. Depending on where in the universe you placed an object with that kind of mass, it could make a real mess of the surrounding worlds―but it doesn’t in the movie。
　　《星际穿越》未曾注意到的一点是虫洞是如何产生的。为了折叠时空，我们需要一个巨大的物体去建造一个重力场，而在电影中，这个物体要相当于100万个太阳，戈特说。我们在何处安放这样一个庞然大物会决定周边世界是否混乱，但在电影中，这种混乱显然并没有发生。
　　2.Getting too close to the gravity well of a massive object like a black hole causes timeto move more slowly for you than it would for people on Earth. Verdict: True
　　像黑洞那样的庞然大物，如果离它的重力场太近，时间就会比地球上的走得更慢。判定：正确
　　For this one, stay with space-time as a fabric―astretched one, like a trampoline. Now place a 500-lb. cannon ball on it. That’syour black hole with its massive gravity field. The vertical threads in theweave of the fabric are space, the horizontal ones are time, and the cannonball can’t distort one without distorting the other, too. That means that everything―including how soon your next birthday comes―will be stretched out.Really, it’s as simple as that―unless you want to spend some time with the equations that prove the point, which, trust us, you don’t。
　　继续将时空当作一张像弹簧床一样展开的的布料，并在上面放上一颗五百磅的炮弹。这就像黑洞和它的重力场。布料上竖线是空间，横线是时间，只有布料其他部分扭曲，炮弹才会扭曲。这就意味着所有的一切都会被延长，包括你下一个生日到来的时间。这是个简单的事实，除非你想花些时间用各种公式去证明它，但相信我，你不会这样做的。
　　3.Itwould be possible to communicate to Earth from within a black hole. Verdict:Maybe
　　在黑洞里可以和地球通信。判定：可能
　　The accepted truth about a black hole is that its gravitational grip is so powerful that not even light can escape―which is howit got its name. But even physics may have loopholes, and one of them is something known as Hawking radiation, discovered by, well, guess who. When aparticle falls into a black hole, the fact that it’s falling creates another form of negative energy. But nature hates when its books are unbalanced―a negative without a corresponding positive is like a debit without a credit. Sothe black hole emits a particle to keep everything revenue- neutral. Zillions of those particles create a form of outflowing energy―and energy can be encoded to carry information, which is how all forms of wireless communication work.That’s hardly the same as being able to radio down to Houston from within ablack hole’s maw, but it takes you a big step closer。
　　关于黑洞普遍被接受的观点是黑洞的引力太强大，连光线也无法逃脱，这也黑洞名称的由来。然而，即使物理学定律也有漏洞，其中有一个著名的就是霍金辐射(猜猜是谁发现的)。当一个物质掉入黑洞之后，它会产生另一种反物质。但是，自然界讨厌一切不平衡，就像借钱不还债一样，自然界不喜欢只有反面而没有正面。所以黑洞释放出一种颗粒来中和所有物质。不计其数的颗粒形成倾泻而出的携带信息的能量，这就是黑洞中无线通讯进行的方式。这几乎就像从黑洞的大嘴中向休斯敦发送无线电波一样，但你需要迈更大的一步。
　　4.Itwould be possible to survive the leap into the black hole from which you hopeto do your communicating in the first place.
　　Verdict: False―except…
　　跳入黑洞后，你可能还有时间发个通讯，然后再尸骨无存。
　　判定：错误――除非……
　　Cosmologists vie for the best term to describe what would happen to you if youcrossed over a black hole’s so-called event horizon, or its light-gobbling threshold. The winner, in a linguistic landslide:spaghettification―which does not sound good. But that nasty end may not happen immediately. “Most people would agree that a person who jumps into a black holeis doomed,” says Columbia University cosmologist and best-selling author Brian Greene, “but if the black hole is big enough, you wouldn’t get spaghettified right away。”That’s small comfort, but for a good screenwriter, it’s all the wiggle room youneed。
　　宇宙学家一直绞尽脑汁来形容跨越黑洞“视界”或者“光线吞噬界线”之后的后果。他们搞出了一个听起来不怎么样的词：“意大利面化”(指在强引力场中物体因潮汐力作用产生的拉伸形变)。不过，这么恶心的事情可能不会立即发生，“大部分人都相信跳入黑洞后必然尸骨无存”，哥伦比亚大学宇宙学家和畅销书作者布赖恩?格林说，“但是如果黑洞足够大，你不会立刻被绞成意大利面那样”。 当然，这只是一个小小的安慰，但是作为一个优秀的编剧，说话总是要有余地的。
　　5.And finally: Anne Hathaway could move through time and space and help save all ofhumanity and her hair would still look fabulous.
　　Verdict: Who cares? Wewouldn’t have it any other way
　　最后，安妮?海瑟薇穿越时空拯救全人类之后，发型依旧完美。
　　判定：谁在乎？我们可不希望她蓬头垢面。
《星际穿越》安妮?海瑟薇
　　(来源：时代周刊；编译：卢E)
文章关键词：
&&|&&&&|&&&&|&&
您可通过新浪首页顶部 “”， 查看所有收藏过的文章。
请用微博账号，推荐效果更好！
看过本文的人还看过[][][][][][][][][][][][]
最新文章热门文章
[][][][][][][][][][][][]
[][][][][][][][][][][][]
07-0907-0907-0707-06
今日推荐有奖活动
那年那兔那些事儿7月15日正式开启公测！！快来一起加入种花家吧
《梦幻神域》今日10:00安卓与iOS越狱双端内测火爆开启！
《龙与精灵》登临AppStore 试玩游戏抢iPad mini 3大奖！
晒出游戏截图，即可获得抽奖机会，赢取apple watch 等实物大礼！
开服时间游戏名称服务器名下载号07-17 10:00717新区07-18 10:00718新区07-19 10:00719新区07-20 10:00720新区07-22 10:00721新区07-24 10:00722新区07-25 10:00723新区07-26 10:00724新区07-27 10:00725新区07-29 10:00726新区07-30 11:00一世英雄07-31 10:00727新区
日期名称状态下载号
07-16公测07-16内测07-16内测07-16内测07-16内测07-17内测07-17内测07-21内测07-23封测07-23封测07-24内测
12345678910
日期名称号
07-1607-1607-1607-1607-1607-1607-1607-1607-16
京ICP备号-1 京公网安备 86