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德国威廉动植物相兼容的庭院
德国威廉动植物相兼容的庭院
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German Wilhelm Plants compatible courtyard
设计方：Hascher Jehle Assoziierte GmbH
位置：德国
分类：别墅庭院
内容：实景照片
图片：10张
威廉海玛动物园是符腾堡的威廉一世国王（）建造。它是德国唯一的一个植物园和动物园兼容的大庭园。园内大约有1000多个不同品种的8000多种植物，游客可以通过围栏和玻璃房观赏。这里还是著名的兰花收藏地，有巨大的木兰等。另外园内还有一座拥有鳄鱼厅和著名珊瑚鱼厅的水族馆以及非常现代的猿猴室和熊室。这里每年大约有180万游客，是德国巴符州最著名的旅游景点之一。
新建的非洲类人猿馆于今年建成，看上去就像猩猩们的天堂。馆的内部分为“山谷”和“森林”两部分，“山谷”作为猩猩们的休息场所，当然也少不了让这些天生好动的家伙们游戏的设施，如各种秋千吊床等。森林部分作为它们的室外活动场地，顶部设置了类似慕尼黑体育场的帐篷结构，以让藤类植物爬到上面形成遮光挡雨的“雨林效果”
译者：柒柒
The Wilhelma in Stuttgart is a zoological botanical garden that comprises part of the Rosenstein Park, an English landscaped garden created in the 19th century along a steep-sloped valley basin typical of Stuttgart’s topography. The design concept for the new ape house picks up the characteristic themes of ridge, valley and forest. The new enclosure for African apes is situated at the highest topographical point of the landscape park and takes the form of an artificial ridge. The building twists in an S-shape between the existing stock of mature trees, and appears to burrow into the ground at its curving ends. This impression is created by two greened, curving, shell-like roof surfaces that rise to a height of 7.5 meters out of the neighboring landscape park. These two skins, which meet to form the mountain ridge, house an enclosure for gorillas on one side and an enclosure for bonobos on the other. A pathway for visitors leads between the two indoor enclosures with room-high glazing affording a view over the neighbouring landscape. The monolithic appearance of the concrete construction of the indoor enclosures inside the “mountain ridge” contrasts with the open, greened system of outdoor enclosures that are fashioned as a natural extension of the greened roofscape and are covered in part by a lightweight steel mesh construction. The lightweight net of steel mesh is carried by a “forest” made of slender, inclined steel columns. The construction serves as a system of artificial tree trunks that the bonobos can climb up and rest on. Artificial lianas, hammocks and sleeping nests slung from the roof supports serve as branches in the forest canopy. The interleaved arrangement of outdoor and indoor enclosures, and of topography and building, results in a structure that is a harmonious part of the landscape.
The visitors’ path through the building is an extension of the outdoor pathways and weaves its way in the form of an S-shaped artificial fissure through the building that faces north on one side and southwest on the other. Room-high glazing affords a direct view of the surrounding landscape for visitors and apes alike. To the southwest, visitors are led via a small forecourt in the building into the bonobos’ area which is divided into three separate enclosures that house different “social units”. The visitors are separated from the apes only by 2.50-metre-high panels of armoured glass, which are inclined to reduce their visual impact. The minimal construction of frameless armoured glass allows visitors and apes to stand face to face. Above the glazing, lush planting and an open mesh separate the enclosures from the roof construction which extends across the entire interior, allowing the sounds, calls and smells of the animals to be experienced in the visitors’ area. The tree-like configuration of the columns, which branch out and extend beyond the functional enclosure, support a roof that spans the entire structure, independent of the enclosures, creating a single large interior housing both the enclosures and the visitors’ area. Lush green planting arranged in small islands and planting troughs above the glazing frames the windows onto the enclosures, forming a green ribbon that flanks the visitors’ path and underlines the visual linearity of the building. Terraces inserted into the topography with benches and information panels allow visitor to stop and study the animals. Ramps and steps connecting the terraces bridge a height difference of 2.70 metres across the length of the building. At its lowest point at the north end of the building are the enclosures for the gorillas, with separate areas for the silverbacks, families and young animals. The winding path through the building and the lighting concept – roomheight glazing, closed sections of wall and large skylights allow light to permeate the interior from different directions – create a varied configuration of views inside and outside the building. In the outdoor enclosures, visitors are able to come face to face with the apes. This close-contact zone consists of an about 3.50 metre-high concrete construction that is intertwined at regular intervals along the boundary of the enclosure with the vertical wire mesh or the bounding wall. They provide a space for people and apes alike that is sheltered from rain and sun, and allow them to stand face-to-face separated only by armoured glazing.
The character of the indoor enclosures is determined by the choice of materials, their surface qualities and the geometry of the enclosures. Aside from the safety and security measures, the building aims to provide its inhabitants with a living environment that as far as possible resembles their original natural habitat and is appropriate to their way of living. The dimensions and shape of the space, and the design of its surfaces and lighting, are as important as providing ample space for the apes to climb and play – gorillas and bonobos are agile inhabitants of jungle habitats.
The roof is articulated as a hilly landscape with flowing forms that transition into the landscape. This results in a concrete construction with a complex, irregular geometry that curves both longitudinally as well as laterally. The double curvature of the surface of the roof is achieved by constructing the roof of folded polygonal segments ranging from 16 m? to 178 m? arranged at a shallow incline to one another of between 5° and 25°. On the “mountain” side, the roof skin rests on the monolithic external walls and is borne at its open, glazed side adjoining the visitors’ area by concrete columns at intervals of up to 10 metres that each branch into four sections. Contrasting with the heavy concrete construction, a lightweight filigree mesh of 3 mm thick stainless steel cables serves as a lightweight skin that covers the outdoor enclosure for the booboos. The cable net, with diamond-shaped, 60 mm mesh apertures, covers an arc-shaped floor area of approximately 1200 m?. Supported by thirteen, up to 12 meter-high columns, it results in an irregularly shaped wave-like roofs cape. The slender inclined steel columns are pin-jointed and acquire their final position through the tensioning of the cable net, the incline of the columns reflecting the curvature of the roof mesh construction. The special articulation of the tops of the columns with their spherically curved rings borne by four branching members makes it possible to transmit the forces within the mesh uniformly into the load bearing structure and simultaneously lend the cable net a characteristic soft waveform geometry that echoes that of the surrounding landscape.
德国威廉动植物相兼容的庭院外部实景图
德国威廉动植物相兼容的庭院外部实景图
德国威廉动植物相兼容的庭院外部局部实景图
德国威廉动植物相兼容的庭院内部实景图
德国威廉动植物相兼容的庭院内部实景图
德国威廉动植物相兼容的庭院内部过道实景图
德国威廉动植物相兼容的庭院内部过道实景图
德国威廉动植物相兼容的庭院内部局部实景图
德国威廉动植物相兼容的庭院内部局部实景图
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临沂动植物园15日迎退役军舰建国防教育园
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　　15日，临沂动植物园国防教育园将开始建设，总装备部捐赠的退役军舰将到达临沂。由于项目增多，园内维护成本也大幅增加。
　　据了解，临沂动植物园总投资5亿元，占地3000亩，是集动物园、植物园、游乐园、国防教育园、市青少年综合实践基地“五园一体”的高档大型公园。
　　除了动植物园建设外，临沂经济技术开发区还将在园内建设国防教育园、拓展中心、热带雨林馆、水族馆及青少年职业体验中心等。15日，国防教育基地的首艘退役军舰将到达临沂，而国防教育园建成后，市民可在基地里看到我国最先进的军事科技。
　　与此同时，动植物园还将投资1.5亿元建设热带雨林馆，栽植各种热带雨林植物，培育优美景色。拓展中心可提供精良的设备和场地，15日，临沂动植物园国防教育园将开始建设，总装备部捐赠的退役军舰将到达临沂。由于项目增多，园内维护成本也大幅增加。供全市中小学生和企业员工前来训练。青少年职业体验中心可模拟各种场景，让孩子体会理想的职业。
　　动植物园负责人郭伟方说，随着建设的推进，投资将进一步增大，平时维护安保的成本也会大幅提升。现在动物园里的动物都是半散养的状态，为了防止动物逃跑，新动物园建设了很多电墙等高科技技术，相应花费也增加。
　　目前，动植物园正规划园内厕所，增加休息座椅，建设高标准快餐厅，让市民在动植物园内，不仅可以看到动物、植物，还能就餐、休闲和娱乐。
　　记者胡志英
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