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日 09:43 来源:金融时报
通用汽车(General Motors)的破产姗姗来迟。本周一,它以破产申请终结了作为有偿付能力的私人公司的身份,这不仅体现了昔日全球最大公司的一连串失败;也不仅体现了汽车业在危机中遭遇的挑战;更是体现了经济和社会改革的管理失当。
通用汽车陷入困境的基本事实已是众所周知:经济衰退扼杀了一家失血过多以至贫血的公司,这家公司没有能力制造出人们愿意买的汽车。尽管衰退使得整个汽车业都命悬一线&&年产能总计8600万辆,但全球年销售量已经从2007年的7000万辆下降至5600万辆&&但有些生产商受到的伤害更大。对此,它们只能责怪自己。通用汽车在美国的领先地位保证了它在二战后的全球支配地位。市场实力滋生了自满情绪,通用汽车在美国的市场份额稳步下滑,从超过50%下降到大约20%。
比美国三大汽车公司更有效率且没有工会负担的日本&汽车制造厂&,在美国南部建立起一个精益生产的汽车业。我们不应对此感到哀叹:密歇根州的年家庭收入中值比阿拉巴马州大约高1万美元。弗林特的所失就是亨茨维尔的所得。
由于底特律的政治影响力,这种交替换位没有引起人们的注意,同时也让通用汽车存活了太长时间。美国政府本该早点让它申请破产,限制在破产期间为防止供应链崩溃而提供的融资操作帮助。政府对通用汽车的过度溺爱迫使其不断增持该公司股权,以保护自己的资金。政府越早减少投资越好;同时,它还必须在政治算计中将通用汽车排除在外。
对于某些人来说,通用汽车的垮台为美国劳工贵族敲响了最后的丧钟。在通用汽车全盛时期,工会化的制造业为美国蓝领中产阶级提供了优厚的薪酬和福利待遇。但在全球化的帮助下,技术革新使富裕经济体从产业型经济转变为服务型经济,薪资丰厚的蓝领工作变得越来越少了。
这种历史性的变革是不可避免的。但其结果本可以不必这么痛苦。美国政府依赖于通用汽车这类大公司来提供福利待遇,并且从未出台相应政策来缓和后工业时代的经济结构调整。相反,美国采用了治标不治本的放松信贷政策&&在所有人心中维系了经济改善的幻象。现在,这一幻象已经破灭&&对美国,也是对通用汽车。
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综合外电报道,沃尔沃汽车集团高管日前确认,未来将推出紧凑型豪华SUV。外媒称该车将被...标智-50~330℃-【-50~330℃红外测温仪GM320】深圳标智仪表GM320-深圳市新朗普电子科技有限公司
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您所在位置:&>>>&&&&标智-50~330℃【-50~330℃红外测温仪GM320】深圳标智仪表GM320
标智-50~330℃【-50~330℃红外测温仪GM320】深圳标智仪表GM320
<img src="/2/579714.jpg" alt="【-50~330℃红外测温仪GM320】深圳标智仪表GM320" onload="javascript:if (this.width
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深圳市新朗普电子科技有限公司
深圳标智GM320
【简单介绍】
【-50~330℃红外测温仪GM320】*测量范围:-50 ~ 330℃ (-58~626H)*精确度:±1.5% or ±1.5℃*重复性:±1% or ±1℃*物距比:12:1
【详细说明】
*测量范围:-50 ~&330℃&(-58~626H)*精确度:&1.5% or &1.5℃*重复性:&1% or &1℃*物距比:12:1*发射率:0.95预设*分辨率:0.1℃/H*响应时间:500毫秒*响应波长:8-14&m*℃/H温度单位转换*数据保持显示*定位激光开/关选择*LCD背光开/关选择*自动关机&*电源:2*1.5V AAA电池*产品净重:115.1克(含电池)*包装方式:吸塑+卡纸
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增值电信业务经营许可证:浙B2-The new GM: Fewer suits, greener logo? - Business - Autos | NBC News
Dave Chidley
&#160;/&#160;
The current blue GM logo would be changed,&#160;a source says, to show the new automaker is focused on fuel efficiency and making quicker decisions.
General Motors could literally turn green as it readies itself for major management and cultural changes that will coincide with its escape from bankruptcy protection.
People briefed on its plans say the company is looking into changing the background color of its corporate logo from blue to green in an effort to show consumers that it is leaner and greener, more focused on fuel efficiency and better able to make quick decisions.
Ed Welburn, GM's vice president of design, is leading a group that is studying name and logo changes, but no recommendation has been made, according to one of the people. Changing the background of the familiar square blue-and-white GM logo has been discussed, said the people, who requested anonymity because no decision has been reached.
What has been decided, though, is the need for management and cultural changes. New CEO Fritz Henderson is preparing to cut another 4,000 white-collar jobs, including 450 executive-level employees such as plant managers or engineering group heads.
Henderson, under pressure from the new GM's largest shareholder, the U.S. government, wants a more nimble company, one that can make decisions faster and is less bureaucratic than the GM of the past.
In the old GM, several committees often reviewed decisions, holding up new vehicles and making it slow to respond to market changes. Designs were often changed from bold to bland, with GM stamping out nondescript cars such as the old Chevrolet Malibu. With taxpayer dollars and its very existence on the line, GM can no longer afford to take too long.
So Henderson will thin executive ranks by 35 percent, from about 1,300 to 850 by the end of the year. Total U.S. salaried employment will drop by 6,150, or 21 percent, from 29,650 at the start of the year to 23,500 by the end.
The changes could be announced as soon as Friday after the courts clear the sale of GM's good assets to a new company largely owned by the U.S. and Canadian governments and the United Auto Workers union. They will flatten the automaker's organizational chart, eliminating work groups and shrinking the organization to match a smaller footprint, according to the people briefed on the plan.
The flatter organization will make it easier for Henderson to hold people accountable for their work, while focusing more on product development and customer service, one of the people said.
The new structure would be similar to one imposed on Chrysler Group LLC by Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne, who now controls the company. Marchionne shed layers of management.
General Motors Corp. also could announce a subcompact car to be built at a Michigan factory, widely believed to be the four-seat Chevrolet Spark minicar now being sold in China.
GM for years had neglected its small cars, unable to make money on them because of high labor costs. Instead, it focused more on high-profit trucks and sport utility vehicles. Its current entries, such as the Korean-made Chevrolet Aveo subcompact and the U.S.-made Chevrolet Cobalt compact, have not sold as well as top-selling entries from Toyota and Honda.
The new GM, however, is betting that car buyers will shift to small as gas prices swing wildly, and it's trying to upgrade that class of vehicle. The company says lower labor costs and higher sales prices should yield more profits.
GM is also trying to go leaner by selling off its European Adam Opel GmbH unit, as well as Sweden's Saab, and the Hummer and Saturn brands. Pontiac is to be discontinued by the end of the year, leaving GM with only four brands — Chevrolet, Buick, Cadillac and GMC.
Steve Rattner, the head of the Obama administration's auto task force, told reporters earlier this week that GM must adjust to being smaller and less global.
"It would be natural as part of this overall downsizing of GM for there to be a change in the management structure to become a bit closer to the ground, a bit leaner and meaner," he said Monday.
The U.S. government is expected to provide about $50 billion in aid to the automaker as it exits bankruptcy and tries to become profitable even in a depressed world auto sales market. That won't be easy for a company that has lost more than $80 billion in the past four years.
The cuts will help GM adjust to being a smaller company, but will not make it successful without forceful leadership to change the culture of bureaucratic committees making decisions too slowly, said Harlan Platt, a professor at Northeastern University in Boston who teaches corporate turnarounds.
GM simply must transform itself into a company that makes cars and trucks that people would love to own, Platt said.
"That's great," he said of the cuts. "But if it doesn't end up with General Motors being transformed, then it's just another step on the way toward the ultimate demise of General Motors."
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【简单介绍】
激光测距仪GM100DU:
【详细说明】
激光测距仪GM100DU│标智
激光测距仪(光电式)
功能及技术参数
<font color="#.1m~100m (4 in ~328 ft)
&.&(&0.3&)
&1.5mm&(&0.06inch)
m, in, ft, m&sup2;, ft&sup2;, m&sup3;, ft&sup3;
<font color="#英寸大彩屏
mOS 操作系统
光电式技术(测试时不会抖动)
<font color="#次/秒
历史测量记录&
可存储1000组数据&
<font color="#5nm, &1mW, Class II
大于5000次
大于100万次
面积、体积测量
&。 支持m&sup2;/ft&sup2;/m&sup3;/ft&sup3;四种显示单位
间接测量(勾股定理)
&。 支持2次、3次间接测量
自动水平距离测量
自动高度测量
测量数据编辑功能
最大/最小值测量
测量数据锁定/解锁
多行照明显示
&。最多可显示四行数据
测量基准边缘选择
&。可选择机身顶部或者底部作为测量基准
自动矫正技术
&。可以进行测量读数矫正及外部校准
软件报错功能
&。错误代码提示
自定义设定
Level, 时间, Stacking out, Bubble, Beep, 测量单位, Time, 背光亮度, Off-set, 时间格式, 工厂出厂设置, 角度单位&
&。自动保持
&。电量&满、中等、低&三种状态显示
激光手动/自动关闭
&。不使用30S后自动关闭
仪表手动/自动关机
&。不使用180S后自动关闭
<font color="#&C to 40&C
-10&C to 60&C
USB连接电脑
可将测量数据导入电脑EXCEL文件;可实时存储测量数据
<font color="#个月
可充电锂电池/1200mAh&&
<font color="#7g (含电池)
<font color="#5*55*29 mm&
携带包、锂电池、充电器、说明书、保修卡
标准包装方式
标准数量/外箱
<font color="#
标准外箱尺寸
<font color="#.7*30.2*41cm
标准外箱重量
<font color="#.0kg
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